Need to change something from lowercase to uppercase? Count the letters, numbers, and punctuation? Remove spaces or add spaces at every X characters? This can help. Just type some text into the box and click on the links to change things around. The expected Kappa for plain text is 0.0667 for monographs and 0.0069 for digraphs (that one is 0 if the text has an odd number of characters). Entropy is relevant for hexadecimal input only.